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Advantage of Quantum Supremacy

 

I would like to address a concept that some private companies that manufacture quantum computers recently announced as a last-minute. This concept is quantum supremacy or quantum advantage.

As you know, it is the best highly anticipated performance speed from quantum computers. While classical computers deal with a problem that takes a long time to solve, it is predicted that quantum computers can complete the same problem in a reasonable time. This advantage of quantum computers is called "quantum supremacy".

While talking about quantum superiority, some authors state that a quantum computer solves the problem it handles by performing a parallel computation, that is, by breaking it down into parts, as a classical computer does.

However, this is a wrong interpretation. The source of quantum supremacy is the superposition state or entanglement. As I mentioned in previous articles, quantum particles contain all possibilities at the same time, meaning that the problem contains all possible solutions. Then, as a result of measurements made by using appropriate algorithms, that is, by collapsing the wave function, it offers us the solution that can be reached as soon as possible.

As in classical physics, special algorithms are developed for quantum computers in order to treat the problem as a whole at once and reduce it to a single result in all possibilities. Among the algorithms still under development are, Deutsch–Jozsa algorithm, Grover algorithm, and Shor algorithm, which are among the best-known algorithms today. 

The task of these algorithms is either to determine the characteristic of a given function or to find certain data in irregular data sets. We do not yet have algorithms developed for problems in concrete physics, chemistry, or any engineering fields.

In my future articles, I will give a detailed explanation of the algorithms I mentioned above.

Stay with physics. :)


 

 

Reference

https://physicsworld.com/a/is-googles-quantum-supremacy-not-so-supreme-after-all/

https://qiskit.org/textbook/ch-algorithms/grover.html

Richard P. Feynman, “Simulating physics with computers”. Int J Theor Phys 21, 467–488 (1982).


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